This article presents the largest primary data-based study of involuntary celibates (incels) to date, aiming to deepen understanding of this community beyond online analyses. While the incel movement has been associated with radical ideology and high-profile acts of violence, such as those perpetrated by Elliot Rodger and Alek Minassian, little research has directly engaged with incels themselves. Through surveying over 250 self-identified incels, the study reveals that while the majority are non-violent and disapprove of violence, those with staunch misogynistic beliefs are more likely to endorse violent tendencies, reinforced by participation in incel forums. Additionally, many incels report experiencing psychological symptoms but are hesitant to seek professional help. This suggests the importance of addressing potential violence within the incel community while promoting compassionate mental health support.
The study aims to build upon existing research on incel ideology and potential psychopathology to better understand the risks posed by this community. It emphasizes the need to avoid generalizations and to provide non-judgmental mental health support for incels experiencing frustration and social exclusion. By identifying areas of need beyond violent behavior, the study seeks to contribute to interventions that address underlying issues and facilitate healthier interpersonal relationships within the incel community. Furthermore, the study highlights the concerning similarities between two violent incidents in 2018, involving individuals influenced by anti-feminist and misogynist narratives, particularly within the "incel" community. It elucidates how the incel movement, along with other subcultures within the "manosphere," perpetuates toxic ideologies and coercive mechanisms aimed at restoring perceived power imbalances between genders. Despite the complexity of the online misogynist landscape, scholars often lack a comprehensive understanding of the distinctions between these communities. Therefore, the research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics between different misogynist streams, the emergence of new narratives and ideological groups, and the societal and policy implications of extreme misogynist communities.